Confinement Bars In Columns. The model is based on the test results reported previously. Frp, confinement, rc columns, buckling, interaction. Studies have shown that, for a given mass per length of column, spiral steel is at least twice as effective as longitudinal bars in increasing column capacity. Crossbeams column longitudinal bars, straight and hooked, shall be detailed to terminate 3 below the top longitudinal crossbeam reinforcement. Confinement of the core is an important requirement, and a the core of a large column with bars only at the corners will not be adequately confined. Requirements for at least six longitudinal bars in columns with spirals and at least four longitudinal bars in columns with circular or rectangular ties. In other words, a confinement zone in a column is the region where sma. Given the above, confinement requirements for columns of special moment frames (section 18.7.5, figure 1), with high axial load (pu > 0.3ag f'c) (f) where pu > 0.3ag f'c or f'c > 10,000 psi in columns with rectilinear hoops, every longitudinal bar or bundle of bars around the perimeter of the column. Confining reinforcement refers to reinforcement that applied in such way that it confines the concrete at intervals to supply increased strength and deflection capabilities. These columns of icj offer an opportunity to the engineering fraternity to express their views on the longitudinal bars, nl = number of longitudinal bars laterally supported by corner of hoops or by 1. And jain a.k., special confinement reinforcement in rc columns and shear walls, the. Here, k e is the confinement effectiveness coefficient, which is defined as the ratio of the effectively confined concrete volume to the whole core. An analytical model for the confinement mechanisms in tied columns has been developed. Apparently the longitudinal steel bars in the columns confined by lrs frp buckled before frp rupture and significant outward deformation had. Columns (for example, wall boundary elements) that are designed by reference to the confinement provisions.
Confinement Bars In Columns : Error Bars In Excel Charts Are A Useful Tool To Represent Data Variability And Measurement Accuracy.
Structure Magazine Confinement Of Special Reinforced Concrete Moment Frame Columns. Crossbeams column longitudinal bars, straight and hooked, shall be detailed to terminate 3 below the top longitudinal crossbeam reinforcement. Columns (for example, wall boundary elements) that are designed by reference to the confinement provisions. These columns of icj offer an opportunity to the engineering fraternity to express their views on the longitudinal bars, nl = number of longitudinal bars laterally supported by corner of hoops or by 1. Frp, confinement, rc columns, buckling, interaction. Here, k e is the confinement effectiveness coefficient, which is defined as the ratio of the effectively confined concrete volume to the whole core. In other words, a confinement zone in a column is the region where sma. Apparently the longitudinal steel bars in the columns confined by lrs frp buckled before frp rupture and significant outward deformation had. Studies have shown that, for a given mass per length of column, spiral steel is at least twice as effective as longitudinal bars in increasing column capacity. The model is based on the test results reported previously. And jain a.k., special confinement reinforcement in rc columns and shear walls, the. Requirements for at least six longitudinal bars in columns with spirals and at least four longitudinal bars in columns with circular or rectangular ties. Given the above, confinement requirements for columns of special moment frames (section 18.7.5, figure 1), with high axial load (pu > 0.3ag f'c) (f) where pu > 0.3ag f'c or f'c > 10,000 psi in columns with rectilinear hoops, every longitudinal bar or bundle of bars around the perimeter of the column. An analytical model for the confinement mechanisms in tied columns has been developed. Confinement of the core is an important requirement, and a the core of a large column with bars only at the corners will not be adequately confined. Confining reinforcement refers to reinforcement that applied in such way that it confines the concrete at intervals to supply increased strength and deflection capabilities.
Square reinforced concrete (rc) columns with the confinement effect of transverse reinforcement perform well in ductility and have been used widely in rc the finite element model is able to predict the response of the confined rc columns from different experiments with reasonable accuracy.
Column and bar charts also handle multiple data series — a key point when considering which excel chart type to use. The columns of a construction are likely to present, under certain circumstances, deficiency in strength or/and ductility (ability to deform in case they have to bear seismic or other unexpected loads). The cross section described is not generally used one must always keep in mind that in order for the stirrups to provide confinement. You have calculated an average (b6:d6) for each column and plotted those averages in a chart. What we need is a broken column chart. In design mode, select one of the columns in the chart. The few existing studies on the 13.4 confinement of axially loaded concrete. Error bars in excel charts are a useful tool to represent data variability and measurement accuracy. Given the above, confinement requirements for columns of special moment frames (section 18.7.5, figure 1), with high axial load (pu > 0.3ag f'c) (f) where pu > 0.3ag f'c or f'c > 10,000 psi in columns with rectilinear hoops, every longitudinal bar or bundle of bars around the perimeter of the column. Confining reinforcement refers to reinforcement that applied in such way that it confines the concrete at intervals to supply increased strength and deflection capabilities. The model is based on the test results reported previously. The problem is that the. Consider a column with cross section 300×300. Though user can't drag to move orders of column/bars directly in the graph, by setting the x column as categorical and axis tick labels as categorical, user can change category orders in worksheet. Square reinforced concrete (rc) columns with the confinement effect of transverse reinforcement perform well in ductility and have been used widely in rc the finite element model is able to predict the response of the confined rc columns from different experiments with reasonable accuracy. Columns (for example, wall boundary elements) that are designed by reference to the confinement provisions. Crossbeams column longitudinal bars, straight and hooked, shall be detailed to terminate 3 below the top longitudinal crossbeam reinforcement. Requirements for at least six longitudinal bars in columns with spirals and at least four longitudinal bars in columns with circular or rectangular ties. In the properties pane, look for customattributes; This case has the highest confinement utilization since the entire section is under confined compression. We use sources that have a complex propagation constant and seek a transverse resonance in the complex plane. If you want to change the order of the bars in the columns, just edit the numbers in the order by column. And jain a.k., special confinement reinforcement in rc columns and shear walls, the. Number of y and the number of n. It is therefore essential to reinforce these elements. To get to this, click on one of the columns in the chart and then hit f4 to display properties (assuming visual studio here, i don't use report builder). Frp, confinement, rc columns, buckling, interaction. Hi, i have a simple stacked bar chart that has two bars; Here is a pbix file you can play with. On the other hand, the augmentation of compressive strength and ductility due to full. Data bars in excel are a type of conditional formatting options available in excel which are used to highlight the cells or data range in a worksheet based on some conditions, to make it more clearly visible it is advised to make the bars in the column wider.
Solved In Example 20 1 The Columns Are Spaced 28 Ft On Center Chegg Com . Column And Bar Charts Also Handle Multiple Data Series — A Key Point When Considering Which Excel Chart Type To Use.
Pdf Substandard Reinforced Concrete Members Subjected To Compression Frp Confining Effects Theodoros Rousakis Academia Edu. Confining reinforcement refers to reinforcement that applied in such way that it confines the concrete at intervals to supply increased strength and deflection capabilities. Confinement of the core is an important requirement, and a the core of a large column with bars only at the corners will not be adequately confined. The model is based on the test results reported previously. Given the above, confinement requirements for columns of special moment frames (section 18.7.5, figure 1), with high axial load (pu > 0.3ag f'c) (f) where pu > 0.3ag f'c or f'c > 10,000 psi in columns with rectilinear hoops, every longitudinal bar or bundle of bars around the perimeter of the column. Columns (for example, wall boundary elements) that are designed by reference to the confinement provisions. These columns of icj offer an opportunity to the engineering fraternity to express their views on the longitudinal bars, nl = number of longitudinal bars laterally supported by corner of hoops or by 1. Apparently the longitudinal steel bars in the columns confined by lrs frp buckled before frp rupture and significant outward deformation had. And jain a.k., special confinement reinforcement in rc columns and shear walls, the. In other words, a confinement zone in a column is the region where sma. Frp, confinement, rc columns, buckling, interaction. Requirements for at least six longitudinal bars in columns with spirals and at least four longitudinal bars in columns with circular or rectangular ties. Here, k e is the confinement effectiveness coefficient, which is defined as the ratio of the effectively confined concrete volume to the whole core. Studies have shown that, for a given mass per length of column, spiral steel is at least twice as effective as longitudinal bars in increasing column capacity. An analytical model for the confinement mechanisms in tied columns has been developed. Crossbeams column longitudinal bars, straight and hooked, shall be detailed to terminate 3 below the top longitudinal crossbeam reinforcement.
Beam Column Joints Reinforcement Detailing Adequacy In Case Of A Corner Column Loss Numerical Analysis , Confinement Of The Core Is An Important Requirement, And A The Core Of A Large Column With Bars Only At The Corners Will Not Be Adequately Confined.
Pdf Sustainable Concrete Columns With Innovative Multi Spiral Shear Reinforcement Semantic Scholar. In other words, a confinement zone in a column is the region where sma. An analytical model for the confinement mechanisms in tied columns has been developed. Apparently the longitudinal steel bars in the columns confined by lrs frp buckled before frp rupture and significant outward deformation had. Confinement of the core is an important requirement, and a the core of a large column with bars only at the corners will not be adequately confined. Given the above, confinement requirements for columns of special moment frames (section 18.7.5, figure 1), with high axial load (pu > 0.3ag f'c) (f) where pu > 0.3ag f'c or f'c > 10,000 psi in columns with rectilinear hoops, every longitudinal bar or bundle of bars around the perimeter of the column. Confining reinforcement refers to reinforcement that applied in such way that it confines the concrete at intervals to supply increased strength and deflection capabilities. Crossbeams column longitudinal bars, straight and hooked, shall be detailed to terminate 3 below the top longitudinal crossbeam reinforcement. Here, k e is the confinement effectiveness coefficient, which is defined as the ratio of the effectively confined concrete volume to the whole core. Studies have shown that, for a given mass per length of column, spiral steel is at least twice as effective as longitudinal bars in increasing column capacity. The model is based on the test results reported previously.
Columns And Details Of Transverse Reinforcement Download Scientific Diagram - The analysis of concrete columns using unconfined concrete models is a well established practice.
Seismic Behavior Of Concrete Moment Frame Reinforced With Gfrp Bars Sciencedirect. Requirements for at least six longitudinal bars in columns with spirals and at least four longitudinal bars in columns with circular or rectangular ties. Confining reinforcement refers to reinforcement that applied in such way that it confines the concrete at intervals to supply increased strength and deflection capabilities. These columns of icj offer an opportunity to the engineering fraternity to express their views on the longitudinal bars, nl = number of longitudinal bars laterally supported by corner of hoops or by 1. In other words, a confinement zone in a column is the region where sma. Confinement of the core is an important requirement, and a the core of a large column with bars only at the corners will not be adequately confined. An analytical model for the confinement mechanisms in tied columns has been developed. Given the above, confinement requirements for columns of special moment frames (section 18.7.5, figure 1), with high axial load (pu > 0.3ag f'c) (f) where pu > 0.3ag f'c or f'c > 10,000 psi in columns with rectilinear hoops, every longitudinal bar or bundle of bars around the perimeter of the column. The model is based on the test results reported previously. Frp, confinement, rc columns, buckling, interaction. Columns (for example, wall boundary elements) that are designed by reference to the confinement provisions. And jain a.k., special confinement reinforcement in rc columns and shear walls, the. Studies have shown that, for a given mass per length of column, spiral steel is at least twice as effective as longitudinal bars in increasing column capacity. Here, k e is the confinement effectiveness coefficient, which is defined as the ratio of the effectively confined concrete volume to the whole core. Crossbeams column longitudinal bars, straight and hooked, shall be detailed to terminate 3 below the top longitudinal crossbeam reinforcement. Apparently the longitudinal steel bars in the columns confined by lrs frp buckled before frp rupture and significant outward deformation had.
Seismic Behavior Of Concrete Moment Frame Reinforced With Gfrp Bars Sciencedirect : In Other Words, A Confinement Zone In A Column Is The Region Where Sma.
Axial Load Testing Of Hybrid Concrete Columns Consisting Of Uhpfrc Tube And Normal Strength Concrete Core Springerlink. Confining reinforcement refers to reinforcement that applied in such way that it confines the concrete at intervals to supply increased strength and deflection capabilities. Frp, confinement, rc columns, buckling, interaction. Requirements for at least six longitudinal bars in columns with spirals and at least four longitudinal bars in columns with circular or rectangular ties. An analytical model for the confinement mechanisms in tied columns has been developed. Studies have shown that, for a given mass per length of column, spiral steel is at least twice as effective as longitudinal bars in increasing column capacity. Here, k e is the confinement effectiveness coefficient, which is defined as the ratio of the effectively confined concrete volume to the whole core. Columns (for example, wall boundary elements) that are designed by reference to the confinement provisions. The model is based on the test results reported previously. Crossbeams column longitudinal bars, straight and hooked, shall be detailed to terminate 3 below the top longitudinal crossbeam reinforcement. Apparently the longitudinal steel bars in the columns confined by lrs frp buckled before frp rupture and significant outward deformation had. Confinement of the core is an important requirement, and a the core of a large column with bars only at the corners will not be adequately confined. And jain a.k., special confinement reinforcement in rc columns and shear walls, the. Given the above, confinement requirements for columns of special moment frames (section 18.7.5, figure 1), with high axial load (pu > 0.3ag f'c) (f) where pu > 0.3ag f'c or f'c > 10,000 psi in columns with rectilinear hoops, every longitudinal bar or bundle of bars around the perimeter of the column. These columns of icj offer an opportunity to the engineering fraternity to express their views on the longitudinal bars, nl = number of longitudinal bars laterally supported by corner of hoops or by 1. In other words, a confinement zone in a column is the region where sma.
Details Of The Beam Column Specimen C16n Confined Anchorage Mode Download Scientific Diagram . In Design Mode, Select One Of The Columns In The Chart.
Seismic Behavior Of Concrete Moment Frame Reinforced With Gfrp Bars Sciencedirect. Studies have shown that, for a given mass per length of column, spiral steel is at least twice as effective as longitudinal bars in increasing column capacity. In other words, a confinement zone in a column is the region where sma. Apparently the longitudinal steel bars in the columns confined by lrs frp buckled before frp rupture and significant outward deformation had. Confinement of the core is an important requirement, and a the core of a large column with bars only at the corners will not be adequately confined. The model is based on the test results reported previously. Here, k e is the confinement effectiveness coefficient, which is defined as the ratio of the effectively confined concrete volume to the whole core. An analytical model for the confinement mechanisms in tied columns has been developed. Requirements for at least six longitudinal bars in columns with spirals and at least four longitudinal bars in columns with circular or rectangular ties. Columns (for example, wall boundary elements) that are designed by reference to the confinement provisions. Frp, confinement, rc columns, buckling, interaction. And jain a.k., special confinement reinforcement in rc columns and shear walls, the. These columns of icj offer an opportunity to the engineering fraternity to express their views on the longitudinal bars, nl = number of longitudinal bars laterally supported by corner of hoops or by 1. Crossbeams column longitudinal bars, straight and hooked, shall be detailed to terminate 3 below the top longitudinal crossbeam reinforcement. Confining reinforcement refers to reinforcement that applied in such way that it confines the concrete at intervals to supply increased strength and deflection capabilities. Given the above, confinement requirements for columns of special moment frames (section 18.7.5, figure 1), with high axial load (pu > 0.3ag f'c) (f) where pu > 0.3ag f'c or f'c > 10,000 psi in columns with rectilinear hoops, every longitudinal bar or bundle of bars around the perimeter of the column.
Nonlinear Dynamic Behaviour Of Severely Corroded Reinforced Concrete Columns Shaking Table Study Springerlink : The Columns Of A Construction Are Likely To Present, Under Certain Circumstances, Deficiency In Strength Or/And Ductility (Ability To Deform In Case They Have To Bear Seismic Or Other Unexpected Loads).
Why Stirrups Are Required In Beams Columns Quora. The model is based on the test results reported previously. Given the above, confinement requirements for columns of special moment frames (section 18.7.5, figure 1), with high axial load (pu > 0.3ag f'c) (f) where pu > 0.3ag f'c or f'c > 10,000 psi in columns with rectilinear hoops, every longitudinal bar or bundle of bars around the perimeter of the column. Confining reinforcement refers to reinforcement that applied in such way that it confines the concrete at intervals to supply increased strength and deflection capabilities. Studies have shown that, for a given mass per length of column, spiral steel is at least twice as effective as longitudinal bars in increasing column capacity. Confinement of the core is an important requirement, and a the core of a large column with bars only at the corners will not be adequately confined. Apparently the longitudinal steel bars in the columns confined by lrs frp buckled before frp rupture and significant outward deformation had. An analytical model for the confinement mechanisms in tied columns has been developed. In other words, a confinement zone in a column is the region where sma. Here, k e is the confinement effectiveness coefficient, which is defined as the ratio of the effectively confined concrete volume to the whole core. Columns (for example, wall boundary elements) that are designed by reference to the confinement provisions. Frp, confinement, rc columns, buckling, interaction. Requirements for at least six longitudinal bars in columns with spirals and at least four longitudinal bars in columns with circular or rectangular ties. These columns of icj offer an opportunity to the engineering fraternity to express their views on the longitudinal bars, nl = number of longitudinal bars laterally supported by corner of hoops or by 1. And jain a.k., special confinement reinforcement in rc columns and shear walls, the. Crossbeams column longitudinal bars, straight and hooked, shall be detailed to terminate 3 below the top longitudinal crossbeam reinforcement.
Typical Reinforcement Details Of Column Confinement A The Spiral Download Scientific Diagram - The First Method Is More General But Also More Computationally Expensive;
Etabs 2016 Tutorial Property Modifiers For Column Beam Slabs And Walls Of Rcc Building Civil Engineering Community. Confining reinforcement refers to reinforcement that applied in such way that it confines the concrete at intervals to supply increased strength and deflection capabilities. In other words, a confinement zone in a column is the region where sma. Crossbeams column longitudinal bars, straight and hooked, shall be detailed to terminate 3 below the top longitudinal crossbeam reinforcement. These columns of icj offer an opportunity to the engineering fraternity to express their views on the longitudinal bars, nl = number of longitudinal bars laterally supported by corner of hoops or by 1. Given the above, confinement requirements for columns of special moment frames (section 18.7.5, figure 1), with high axial load (pu > 0.3ag f'c) (f) where pu > 0.3ag f'c or f'c > 10,000 psi in columns with rectilinear hoops, every longitudinal bar or bundle of bars around the perimeter of the column. An analytical model for the confinement mechanisms in tied columns has been developed. Studies have shown that, for a given mass per length of column, spiral steel is at least twice as effective as longitudinal bars in increasing column capacity. Frp, confinement, rc columns, buckling, interaction. Here, k e is the confinement effectiveness coefficient, which is defined as the ratio of the effectively confined concrete volume to the whole core. Confinement of the core is an important requirement, and a the core of a large column with bars only at the corners will not be adequately confined. Columns (for example, wall boundary elements) that are designed by reference to the confinement provisions. And jain a.k., special confinement reinforcement in rc columns and shear walls, the. Requirements for at least six longitudinal bars in columns with spirals and at least four longitudinal bars in columns with circular or rectangular ties. Apparently the longitudinal steel bars in the columns confined by lrs frp buckled before frp rupture and significant outward deformation had. The model is based on the test results reported previously.
Axial Load Behavior Of Concrete Columns Confined With Gfrp Spirals Journal Of Composites For Construction Vol 17 No 3 : In Applications Where The Loading Is Predominantly Static, Trm Wrapping May Be Used In Columns To.
Structure Magazine Recommended Details For Reinforced Concrete Construction. And jain a.k., special confinement reinforcement in rc columns and shear walls, the. Given the above, confinement requirements for columns of special moment frames (section 18.7.5, figure 1), with high axial load (pu > 0.3ag f'c) (f) where pu > 0.3ag f'c or f'c > 10,000 psi in columns with rectilinear hoops, every longitudinal bar or bundle of bars around the perimeter of the column. In other words, a confinement zone in a column is the region where sma. Frp, confinement, rc columns, buckling, interaction. Apparently the longitudinal steel bars in the columns confined by lrs frp buckled before frp rupture and significant outward deformation had. The model is based on the test results reported previously. An analytical model for the confinement mechanisms in tied columns has been developed. Studies have shown that, for a given mass per length of column, spiral steel is at least twice as effective as longitudinal bars in increasing column capacity. Crossbeams column longitudinal bars, straight and hooked, shall be detailed to terminate 3 below the top longitudinal crossbeam reinforcement. Confining reinforcement refers to reinforcement that applied in such way that it confines the concrete at intervals to supply increased strength and deflection capabilities. These columns of icj offer an opportunity to the engineering fraternity to express their views on the longitudinal bars, nl = number of longitudinal bars laterally supported by corner of hoops or by 1. Requirements for at least six longitudinal bars in columns with spirals and at least four longitudinal bars in columns with circular or rectangular ties. Confinement of the core is an important requirement, and a the core of a large column with bars only at the corners will not be adequately confined. Here, k e is the confinement effectiveness coefficient, which is defined as the ratio of the effectively confined concrete volume to the whole core. Columns (for example, wall boundary elements) that are designed by reference to the confinement provisions.
Typical Reinforcement Details Of Column Confinement A The Spiral Download Scientific Diagram : Increase The Chart Bar/Column Spacing (Horizontal Scaling) By Pressing The Control Bar Button That Increases The Spacing Between The Bars In The Alternatively, Reduce The Bar Spacing In The Chart If The Numbers Bars Columns Are To Far Apart Which Will Cause The Numbers Bars Columns To Be Too Wide.
Pdf Study Of Confinement Index Of High Strength Concrete Columns Reinforced With High Strength Steel Bars Semantic Scholar. Here, k e is the confinement effectiveness coefficient, which is defined as the ratio of the effectively confined concrete volume to the whole core. Studies have shown that, for a given mass per length of column, spiral steel is at least twice as effective as longitudinal bars in increasing column capacity. Requirements for at least six longitudinal bars in columns with spirals and at least four longitudinal bars in columns with circular or rectangular ties. Crossbeams column longitudinal bars, straight and hooked, shall be detailed to terminate 3 below the top longitudinal crossbeam reinforcement. Confining reinforcement refers to reinforcement that applied in such way that it confines the concrete at intervals to supply increased strength and deflection capabilities. An analytical model for the confinement mechanisms in tied columns has been developed. The model is based on the test results reported previously. These columns of icj offer an opportunity to the engineering fraternity to express their views on the longitudinal bars, nl = number of longitudinal bars laterally supported by corner of hoops or by 1. And jain a.k., special confinement reinforcement in rc columns and shear walls, the. Frp, confinement, rc columns, buckling, interaction. Given the above, confinement requirements for columns of special moment frames (section 18.7.5, figure 1), with high axial load (pu > 0.3ag f'c) (f) where pu > 0.3ag f'c or f'c > 10,000 psi in columns with rectilinear hoops, every longitudinal bar or bundle of bars around the perimeter of the column. In other words, a confinement zone in a column is the region where sma. Confinement of the core is an important requirement, and a the core of a large column with bars only at the corners will not be adequately confined. Apparently the longitudinal steel bars in the columns confined by lrs frp buckled before frp rupture and significant outward deformation had. Columns (for example, wall boundary elements) that are designed by reference to the confinement provisions.
Reinforced Concrete Beam Column Inverted Knee Joint Behaviour After Ground Corner Column Loss Numerical Analysis : Though User Can't Drag To Move Orders Of Column/Bars Directly In The Graph, By Setting The X Column As Categorical And Axis Tick Labels As Categorical, User Can Change Category Orders In Worksheet.
February 2016 Basics For Site Engineer. Requirements for at least six longitudinal bars in columns with spirals and at least four longitudinal bars in columns with circular or rectangular ties. Here, k e is the confinement effectiveness coefficient, which is defined as the ratio of the effectively confined concrete volume to the whole core. An analytical model for the confinement mechanisms in tied columns has been developed. And jain a.k., special confinement reinforcement in rc columns and shear walls, the. The model is based on the test results reported previously. Confinement of the core is an important requirement, and a the core of a large column with bars only at the corners will not be adequately confined. Crossbeams column longitudinal bars, straight and hooked, shall be detailed to terminate 3 below the top longitudinal crossbeam reinforcement. Confining reinforcement refers to reinforcement that applied in such way that it confines the concrete at intervals to supply increased strength and deflection capabilities. Columns (for example, wall boundary elements) that are designed by reference to the confinement provisions. Frp, confinement, rc columns, buckling, interaction. In other words, a confinement zone in a column is the region where sma. Given the above, confinement requirements for columns of special moment frames (section 18.7.5, figure 1), with high axial load (pu > 0.3ag f'c) (f) where pu > 0.3ag f'c or f'c > 10,000 psi in columns with rectilinear hoops, every longitudinal bar or bundle of bars around the perimeter of the column. Apparently the longitudinal steel bars in the columns confined by lrs frp buckled before frp rupture and significant outward deformation had. Studies have shown that, for a given mass per length of column, spiral steel is at least twice as effective as longitudinal bars in increasing column capacity. These columns of icj offer an opportunity to the engineering fraternity to express their views on the longitudinal bars, nl = number of longitudinal bars laterally supported by corner of hoops or by 1.
